MEMS optical switching vendors CALIENT has announced and Spirent test instrument manufacturers together to create a joint for automated optical network hardware test environment optical switching solutions. Calient optical line S-series switches with Spirent's Velocity speed test platform coordination software, Velocity platform Calient S320 and S160 optical circuit switch-based control, provides the physical layer topology reconfiguration optical network test environment.
Calient and Spirent's joint testing program for more than 40Gbps optical transmission equipment test environment, the software can automatically adjust the test line, thereby reducing the risk of wiring error ride, speed testing, to achieve centralized test management.
Spirent's Velocity is a laboratory that is serving Lab-as-a-Service LAAS test coordination platform, can achieve a variety of physical and virtual testing equipment management and monitoring.
Calient company said the network equipment vendors are quick to support 100Gbps and SDN technology upgrade, which means a lot of new opportunities related to testing. Spirent's industry-leading Velocity platform with a unique Calient MEMS-based all-optical switching products are the next generation network equipment powerful test solution.
Showing posts with label optical. Show all posts
Showing posts with label optical. Show all posts
Software-defined optical transport network make the network should be the need to change
Last year, China established the broadband strategy released two milestones: the 2015 basic realization of urban fiber-to-floor home in rural broadband into the village into the village, urban and rural households broadband access basic to 20Mbps and 4Mbps, some developed cities met 100Mbps; to 2020, a comprehensive broadband network covering urban and rural, urban and rural households to broadband access, respectively, 50Mbps and 12Mbps, the developed part of the city home users up to 1Gbps. This means that in the next few years, operators must continue to upgrade optical networks to achieve these goals. It is worth noting that the network bandwidth is growing at the same time, an endless stream of new broadband services, intelligent optical network flexibility and put forward higher requirements. Promotion of software-defined optical transport network (SD-OTN) to achieve network virtualization to maximize the use of network resources, so that an effective means of networks should the need to change.
Expansion and intelligent optical networks are two main trends of development. Cisco predicts that global data traffic in the next few years will show explosive growth. The next five years, the compound annual growth rate of global traffic will reach 66 percent, the growth rate in Asia as much as 76%. Nokia Communications released a research report pointed out that by 2020, the daily per capita consumption of personalized traffic will reach 1GB. Huawei predicts that the next three years, China backbone network traffic growth rate of up to 70% of the total bandwidth of backbone transmission network will reach 150Tbps, there may even exceed 200Tbps. In anticipation of traffic turmoil, carriers and communications companies are actively studying and deploying 100G and ultra-100G technologies. Single-carrier technology has been difficult to meet the needs of rapid development of traffic, the use of multi-carrier technology to improve spectral efficiency has become the focus of attention of the industry.
At the same time, with the growing number of broadband users, the type of intelligent terminal has become even more rich, cloud computing, big data, networking and other applications rise and gradually becoming more mature. Optical network support broadband services rendered dynamic trends. Traffic Storm is not evenly distributed, network traffic is often at different times are not the same, monthly, daily and even hourly flow situation is different. Such as big game day might have compared with the usual more users watch online live video; and if in the neighborhood during the day tend to be less traffic, more traffic at night, but during the day in the office area in general is more traffic, less traffic at night. If we can achieve dynamic network resource management and scheduling will undoubtedly maximize the use of network resources, thereby reducing overall costs. The conventional automatic switched optical network, generalized multi-protocol label switching architecture has been unable to meet this demand, an urgent need to introduce new technologies like software-defined optical transport network.
Software-defined optical transport network is the direction of the development of next generation optical transport networks, its design ideas from computing software-defined network (SDN). SDN is a new network architecture, network control plane and data forwarding plane will be separated, and programmable control. SDN architecture typical of three layers, the top layer of the application, including a variety of services and applications; middle control layer is mainly responsible for handling data plane resource scheduling, maintenance of network topology and status information; the underlying infrastructure layer is responsible for data processing based on the flow table, forwarding and status collector. Its main advantages as follows: standardization of hardware, reducing system hardware requirements, in order to achieve cost reductions; intelligent network management fully realized by the software to improve the ease of operation; simplifies network configuration process can rapid opening of new business.
SDN application in the main operators in the field of IP data networks, data centers and optical transmission network of the three scenarios. Among them, the software-defined OTN flexible pipes, dynamic bandwidth and programmable three characteristics, it is possible to achieve flexible scheduling hardware, network software dynamically adjust resources will help operators to manage network resources fine. Software-defined optical transport network of programmable optical network transmission controllers and programmable resource virtualization technology to provide efficient, flexible, open network services for different applications. It requires flexible optical, electrical function modules, programmable light system that supports OpenFlow standard control interface, providing an open API.
Currently, SDN standardization work is still in its infancy, software-defined optical transport networks need to overcome software programming optical path flexible switching, software-driven optical transmission adjustment key technology software extensions of optical automatic networking, as it continues to mature and widely applications, broadband network is expected to usher in a new round of changes.
Expansion and intelligent optical networks are two main trends of development. Cisco predicts that global data traffic in the next few years will show explosive growth. The next five years, the compound annual growth rate of global traffic will reach 66 percent, the growth rate in Asia as much as 76%. Nokia Communications released a research report pointed out that by 2020, the daily per capita consumption of personalized traffic will reach 1GB. Huawei predicts that the next three years, China backbone network traffic growth rate of up to 70% of the total bandwidth of backbone transmission network will reach 150Tbps, there may even exceed 200Tbps. In anticipation of traffic turmoil, carriers and communications companies are actively studying and deploying 100G and ultra-100G technologies. Single-carrier technology has been difficult to meet the needs of rapid development of traffic, the use of multi-carrier technology to improve spectral efficiency has become the focus of attention of the industry.
At the same time, with the growing number of broadband users, the type of intelligent terminal has become even more rich, cloud computing, big data, networking and other applications rise and gradually becoming more mature. Optical network support broadband services rendered dynamic trends. Traffic Storm is not evenly distributed, network traffic is often at different times are not the same, monthly, daily and even hourly flow situation is different. Such as big game day might have compared with the usual more users watch online live video; and if in the neighborhood during the day tend to be less traffic, more traffic at night, but during the day in the office area in general is more traffic, less traffic at night. If we can achieve dynamic network resource management and scheduling will undoubtedly maximize the use of network resources, thereby reducing overall costs. The conventional automatic switched optical network, generalized multi-protocol label switching architecture has been unable to meet this demand, an urgent need to introduce new technologies like software-defined optical transport network.
Software-defined optical transport network is the direction of the development of next generation optical transport networks, its design ideas from computing software-defined network (SDN). SDN is a new network architecture, network control plane and data forwarding plane will be separated, and programmable control. SDN architecture typical of three layers, the top layer of the application, including a variety of services and applications; middle control layer is mainly responsible for handling data plane resource scheduling, maintenance of network topology and status information; the underlying infrastructure layer is responsible for data processing based on the flow table, forwarding and status collector. Its main advantages as follows: standardization of hardware, reducing system hardware requirements, in order to achieve cost reductions; intelligent network management fully realized by the software to improve the ease of operation; simplifies network configuration process can rapid opening of new business.
SDN application in the main operators in the field of IP data networks, data centers and optical transmission network of the three scenarios. Among them, the software-defined OTN flexible pipes, dynamic bandwidth and programmable three characteristics, it is possible to achieve flexible scheduling hardware, network software dynamically adjust resources will help operators to manage network resources fine. Software-defined optical transport network of programmable optical network transmission controllers and programmable resource virtualization technology to provide efficient, flexible, open network services for different applications. It requires flexible optical, electrical function modules, programmable light system that supports OpenFlow standard control interface, providing an open API.
Currently, SDN standardization work is still in its infancy, software-defined optical transport networks need to overcome software programming optical path flexible switching, software-driven optical transmission adjustment key technology software extensions of optical automatic networking, as it continues to mature and widely applications, broadband network is expected to usher in a new round of changes.
POL - Passive Optical LAN
Shanghai Bell POL program uses GPON passive optical LAN technology, based 7360 ISAM FX optical access products, can provide FTTD, WIFI backhaul, video surveillance, LTE small base station backhaul (MBH) and other diverse businesses POL deployment scenarios and flexible to meet the diverse corporate office network deployment requirements.
For enterprise network deployment features, Shanghai Bell POL Passive Optical LAN solution provides a variety of ONU equipment for business users to choose. For example, voice, data needs, the user can select I-240G-D voice and data coverage for WIFI backhaul, the user can choose to WIFI AP 040P support POE power supply or SFP ONT supports direct access to the new generation 802.11ac AP.
In order to meet the security needs of enterprise users, Shanghai Bell POL resolve outstanding security program implemented security enhancements made in the dimension of the physical layer, the Ethernet layer, IP layer, and management levels, etc., to solve the user's worries.
For enterprise network deployment features, Shanghai Bell POL Passive Optical LAN solution provides a variety of ONU equipment for business users to choose. For example, voice, data needs, the user can select I-240G-D voice and data coverage for WIFI backhaul, the user can choose to WIFI AP 040P support POE power supply or SFP ONT supports direct access to the new generation 802.11ac AP.
In order to meet the security needs of enterprise users, Shanghai Bell POL resolve outstanding security program implemented security enhancements made in the dimension of the physical layer, the Ethernet layer, IP layer, and management levels, etc., to solve the user's worries.
The overall design of CFP optical module system
40Gbit/s CFP overall design of the optical module is mainly to solve the transmitting unit, the receiving unit implementation issues and control unit. Specific design methods are introduced each unit below.
In the transmitting unit, the selection of 10Gbit/s DML (directly modulated laser) as TOSA (light emitting component), laser driver integrated circuit chips within the drive. Laser driver receives a differential input data and provide a laser bias and modulation currents. Since the semiconductor laser slope efficiency will vary with changes in temperature, it is necessary to APC and extinction ratio compensation circuitry to achieve a stable laser average optical power. Lasers PD (photodiode) Monitoring LD optical output power and the output value of the feedback monitor PD to MCU (microcontroller), MCU by detecting feedback IBias values to control the bias current output, thereby adjusting the bias Set circuit causes LD remains constant optical power output. Meanwhile, in order to avoid high-speed PCB (printed circuit board) on the other line interference on signal lines in the wiring of the signal differential signal transmission lines.
The receiving unit is mainly composed of PIN (photodiode) and TIA (transimpedance amplifier) package together photodetector and limiting amplifier, thus completing the optical / electrical conversion. Four different wavelengths of light signals from each detector receives the appropriate wavelength and converts it into an electrical signal having a certain level, and then after the limiting amplifier signal power progressively larger, simultaneous extraction and recovery by the CDR circuit clock signal The signal received decision value dynamically created to allow data recovery and output.
The control unit uses MCU chip, through the acquisition of digital information for each of the corresponding port real-time monitoring of each channel voltage, temperature, laser bias current, input optical power and received optical power and reporting, in order to achieve the following three major functions: (1 ) communicate with the host computer system; (2) extracting module internal analog and digital information, testing, reporting and alerting; (3) modules within the various parameter settings intelligent control.
In the transmitting unit, the selection of 10Gbit/s DML (directly modulated laser) as TOSA (light emitting component), laser driver integrated circuit chips within the drive. Laser driver receives a differential input data and provide a laser bias and modulation currents. Since the semiconductor laser slope efficiency will vary with changes in temperature, it is necessary to APC and extinction ratio compensation circuitry to achieve a stable laser average optical power. Lasers PD (photodiode) Monitoring LD optical output power and the output value of the feedback monitor PD to MCU (microcontroller), MCU by detecting feedback IBias values to control the bias current output, thereby adjusting the bias Set circuit causes LD remains constant optical power output. Meanwhile, in order to avoid high-speed PCB (printed circuit board) on the other line interference on signal lines in the wiring of the signal differential signal transmission lines.
The receiving unit is mainly composed of PIN (photodiode) and TIA (transimpedance amplifier) package together photodetector and limiting amplifier, thus completing the optical / electrical conversion. Four different wavelengths of light signals from each detector receives the appropriate wavelength and converts it into an electrical signal having a certain level, and then after the limiting amplifier signal power progressively larger, simultaneous extraction and recovery by the CDR circuit clock signal The signal received decision value dynamically created to allow data recovery and output.
The control unit uses MCU chip, through the acquisition of digital information for each of the corresponding port real-time monitoring of each channel voltage, temperature, laser bias current, input optical power and received optical power and reporting, in order to achieve the following three major functions: (1 ) communicate with the host computer system; (2) extracting module internal analog and digital information, testing, reporting and alerting; (3) modules within the various parameter settings intelligent control.
Optical interconnects: follow "actinic" trend lifeline
If the light sensor is to support all interconnected neural networks, the optical interconnection is supporting all interconnected lifeline.
We know that broadband Internet, on the one hand depends on the broadband high-speed backbone network, on the other hand relies on large volumes of data center, and the data center is needed in the short-distance high-capacity dense data exchange and transfer.
The traditional use of copper electrical interconnect data centers which have been difficult to meet the demand for high-speed bulk data transfer and exchange. Then the high-capacity data center, how to meet such high-speed short-range intensive data exchange and transfer it?
Now widely recognized by the scientific community is the use of active optical cable (AOC). AOC applications first, data centers and high-performance computers, both have to use a lot of servers connected to each other (computing unit), routers (switching unit) and memory (storage unit), "In the world ranking of the Milky Way computer for example, it has thousands of computing units and switching units, requiring high-speed low-power interconnect, and AOC can satisfy these needs. "
With the advent of the era of big data development and application scenarios, AOC will become the main form of ultra-wideband interconnection, the market will gradually grow.
Because the technology development and background, from communications to interconnected world, is forming a "actinic" trend: the long-distance backbone network, to the access network, fiber to the home, to the LAN and between racks connection, which is already the world of light; and from between machines, between the circuit board, and then between the integrated circuit chip, have gradually become electrically connected by optical interconnects.
In this "actinic" trend in active optical cable (AOC) with its high transfer rate, low energy consumption, high mounting density, low crosstalk, long connection distance or time delay, anti-electromagnetic interference and other prominent advantages , will play an increasingly important role in the interconnection between the racks, between the machine and the circuit board in between.
We know that broadband Internet, on the one hand depends on the broadband high-speed backbone network, on the other hand relies on large volumes of data center, and the data center is needed in the short-distance high-capacity dense data exchange and transfer.
The traditional use of copper electrical interconnect data centers which have been difficult to meet the demand for high-speed bulk data transfer and exchange. Then the high-capacity data center, how to meet such high-speed short-range intensive data exchange and transfer it?
Now widely recognized by the scientific community is the use of active optical cable (AOC). AOC applications first, data centers and high-performance computers, both have to use a lot of servers connected to each other (computing unit), routers (switching unit) and memory (storage unit), "In the world ranking of the Milky Way computer for example, it has thousands of computing units and switching units, requiring high-speed low-power interconnect, and AOC can satisfy these needs. "
With the advent of the era of big data development and application scenarios, AOC will become the main form of ultra-wideband interconnection, the market will gradually grow.
Because the technology development and background, from communications to interconnected world, is forming a "actinic" trend: the long-distance backbone network, to the access network, fiber to the home, to the LAN and between racks connection, which is already the world of light; and from between machines, between the circuit board, and then between the integrated circuit chip, have gradually become electrically connected by optical interconnects.
In this "actinic" trend in active optical cable (AOC) with its high transfer rate, low energy consumption, high mounting density, low crosstalk, long connection distance or time delay, anti-electromagnetic interference and other prominent advantages , will play an increasingly important role in the interconnection between the racks, between the machine and the circuit board in between.
OTN development process
Through a new generation OTN G.872, G.709, G.798 ITU-T recommendations are canonical "digital transmission system" and "light delivery system." OTN will solve the traditional WDM networks without wavelength / sub-wavelength service dispatch capability, network capacity is weak, weak protection and other issues.
Optical transport network for IP services, IP transport requirements adaptation service has become an important issue in the further development of optical communication. Optical transport network from a variety of angles and provide a solution compatible with the existing technology in the premise, because the large number of applications SDH equipment, in order to solve the processing and transmission of data services, based on SDH technology developed MSTP equipment and has a large number of applications in the network, it is well compatible with existing technology, but also to meet the transfer function data services. But with the increasing processing power and requires more detailed data services particles, business demand for transport network presented two aspects: on the one hand the transmission network to provide a large pipeline, then generalized OTN technology (in the electric field is OTH, in the optical domain ROADM) provides a new solution that solves the SDH-based cross particles VC-12 / VC4 is small, scheduling more complex issues not meet service delivery needs of large particles, in part, to overcome the WDM System fault location difficult to point to point connection-oriented networking, network capacity is weak, network survivability and ability to provide a means shortcomings weak; on the other hand service optical transport network to propose a more detailed processing requirements, the industry also made a packet transport network solution, the main technologies involved include T-MPLS and PBB-TE and the like.
As network traffic growing demand for bandwidth, operators and system manufacturers have been constantly consider ways to improve service delivery technology issues.
Digital transmission network evolution from the original based T1 / E1 of the first generation of digital transmission network, experienced-based SONET / SDH second generation digital transmission network, to the development in the third generation of OTN-based digital transmission network. First and second generation transport network was originally designed for voice services specifically designed, though can also be used to transmit data and video services, but the transmission efficiency is not high. In contrast, the third-generation transport network technology, from the design to support voice, data and video services to support the bandwidth on demand (BOD) when with other protocols, quality cut of service (QoS) and optical virtual private net (OVPN) and other functions.
In 1998, the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) formally proposed the concept of OTN. From the functional point of view, OTN can be transmitted in the form of all-optical subnet, and the use of light at the boundary of sub - electricity - light conversion. Thus, each subnet can 3R regenerator coupled to constitute a large optical network, as shown in FIG. Therefore, OTN transport network can be seen as the all-optical network evolution process of a transition application.
In the OTN functional description, the optical signal is wavelength (or center wavelength) to characterize. Optical signal processing may be based on a single wavelength, or based on a WDM group. (Based on other optical multiplexing, time division multiplexing, optical time division multiplexing, or optical code division multiplexing OTN, remains to be studied.) OTN can be achieved in the optical domain transfer service signals, multiplexing, routing, monitoring, and to ensure its performance and survivability. OTN can support a variety of top business or protocols, such as SONE / SDH, ATM, Ethernet, IP, PDH, Fibre Channel, GFP, MPLS, OTN virtual concatenation, ODU multiplexing, is the ideal foundation for future network evolution. More and more operators worldwide start constructing a new generation of OTN-based transport networks, systems manufacturers have also introduced a more OTN features of the product to support building the next generation transport network.
Optical transport network for IP services, IP transport requirements adaptation service has become an important issue in the further development of optical communication. Optical transport network from a variety of angles and provide a solution compatible with the existing technology in the premise, because the large number of applications SDH equipment, in order to solve the processing and transmission of data services, based on SDH technology developed MSTP equipment and has a large number of applications in the network, it is well compatible with existing technology, but also to meet the transfer function data services. But with the increasing processing power and requires more detailed data services particles, business demand for transport network presented two aspects: on the one hand the transmission network to provide a large pipeline, then generalized OTN technology (in the electric field is OTH, in the optical domain ROADM) provides a new solution that solves the SDH-based cross particles VC-12 / VC4 is small, scheduling more complex issues not meet service delivery needs of large particles, in part, to overcome the WDM System fault location difficult to point to point connection-oriented networking, network capacity is weak, network survivability and ability to provide a means shortcomings weak; on the other hand service optical transport network to propose a more detailed processing requirements, the industry also made a packet transport network solution, the main technologies involved include T-MPLS and PBB-TE and the like.
Digital transmission network evolution from the original based T1 / E1 of the first generation of digital transmission network, experienced-based SONET / SDH second generation digital transmission network, to the development in the third generation of OTN-based digital transmission network. First and second generation transport network was originally designed for voice services specifically designed, though can also be used to transmit data and video services, but the transmission efficiency is not high. In contrast, the third-generation transport network technology, from the design to support voice, data and video services to support the bandwidth on demand (BOD) when with other protocols, quality cut of service (QoS) and optical virtual private net (OVPN) and other functions.
In 1998, the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) formally proposed the concept of OTN. From the functional point of view, OTN can be transmitted in the form of all-optical subnet, and the use of light at the boundary of sub - electricity - light conversion. Thus, each subnet can 3R regenerator coupled to constitute a large optical network, as shown in FIG. Therefore, OTN transport network can be seen as the all-optical network evolution process of a transition application.
In the OTN functional description, the optical signal is wavelength (or center wavelength) to characterize. Optical signal processing may be based on a single wavelength, or based on a WDM group. (Based on other optical multiplexing, time division multiplexing, optical time division multiplexing, or optical code division multiplexing OTN, remains to be studied.) OTN can be achieved in the optical domain transfer service signals, multiplexing, routing, monitoring, and to ensure its performance and survivability. OTN can support a variety of top business or protocols, such as SONE / SDH, ATM, Ethernet, IP, PDH, Fibre Channel, GFP, MPLS, OTN virtual concatenation, ODU multiplexing, is the ideal foundation for future network evolution. More and more operators worldwide start constructing a new generation of OTN-based transport networks, systems manufacturers have also introduced a more OTN features of the product to support building the next generation transport network.
Light source
The role of the light source is complete electrical / optical conversion, the light emitting device module key.
A light source for optical fiber communications requirements can be summarized as follows:
(1) peak wavelength emitted by the source, should be in the low-loss optical fiber within the window;
(2) there is a sufficiently high and stable output power;
(3) high conversion efficiency, driving low power, long life, high reliability;
(4) good color and direction;
(5) easy to modulate, fast response;
(6) the intensity of noise to be small;
(7) the intensity of the linear drive current is better.
A light source for optical fiber communications requirements can be summarized as follows:
(1) peak wavelength emitted by the source, should be in the low-loss optical fiber within the window;
(2) there is a sufficiently high and stable output power;
(3) high conversion efficiency, driving low power, long life, high reliability;
(4) good color and direction;
(5) easy to modulate, fast response;
(6) the intensity of noise to be small;
(7) the intensity of the linear drive current is better.
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