Vodafone Group has begun to implement fiber to the home (FTTH) projects in Ireland and Portugal, the project is 600 million euros is part of the Vodafone Group network expansion project.
Ireland will be Europe's first end-to-fiber optic network project conducted by the national electricity infrastructure. As part of SIRO (Vodafone Ireland ESB co-owned joint venture), Vodafone has started "before the end of 2018 to provide 1 Gbps fiber optic broadband network serving 51 cities and towns in Ireland" program.
Eligible to participate in the scheme must have more than 4,000 inhabitants. Carrigaline town of Cork County will be the first to get this fiber broadband service towns. According to the data show that Ireland does not exceed 50% of the fixed broadband subscribers bandwidth of 30M. Vodafone pointed out, SIRO of 1G (1000M) broadband project will bring revolutionary broadband experience Irish 500,000 homes and businesses.
Vodafone also announced plans to invest 125 million euros in Portugal FTTH network expansion plans before the end of 2016 to provide 1Gbps broadband network services for local 2.75 million homes and businesses. So far, Vodafone FTTH network covers 2.2 million homes and businesses in Portugal. In addition, Vodafone and France Telecom operator Orange also cooperate in the construction of gigabit FTTH network in Spain to provide broadband services to the local more than 200 million inhabitants. Meanwhile, Vodafone is working with the Italian electricity company Enel questionable establish a national FTTH network in the Italian plan.
Vodafone also reached an agreement with Swisscom, the market strategic partnership between the two sides extended to four years. The agreement will bring benefits roaming and high speed internet connection service broadband subscribers in Switzerland. Vodafone customers and corporate clients will roam when visiting Switzerland to Swisscom's broadband network.
Showing posts with label broadband. Show all posts
Showing posts with label broadband. Show all posts
Scotland Glasgow CityFibre Construction of the new gigabit fiber optic broadband network
UK network infrastructure provider - CityFibre, has announced the construction of ultra-high-speed fiber access network in Glasgow, Glasgow in Scotland to build a third Gigabit fiber broadband city. CityFibre said it would cooperate with local partners HighNet network construction starting in early 2016. After the completion of Glasgow broadband speeds up to 100 times the average speed of the UK, in order to better meet the needs of Glasgow for future high-bandwidth services.
CityFibre said network construction will start with the Glasgow city center. The next year there are more than 7,000 businesses near the city center can get gigabit broadband services. After the final completion of the network has more than 15,000 businesses benefit. CityFibre had already deployed a fiber optic network in the United Kingdom Aberdeen, Coventry, Edinburgh, Peterborough and York based on his "Well Planned City" model.
CityFibre company CEO Greg Mesch said he was pleased to start a new Gigabit urban construction in Scotland. HighNet customer base is the key to the success of this network. After the network is completed, CityFibre will become the second largest broadband operator BT Openreach away.
CityFibre said network construction will start with the Glasgow city center. The next year there are more than 7,000 businesses near the city center can get gigabit broadband services. After the final completion of the network has more than 15,000 businesses benefit. CityFibre had already deployed a fiber optic network in the United Kingdom Aberdeen, Coventry, Edinburgh, Peterborough and York based on his "Well Planned City" model.
CityFibre company CEO Greg Mesch said he was pleased to start a new Gigabit urban construction in Scotland. HighNet customer base is the key to the success of this network. After the network is completed, CityFibre will become the second largest broadband operator BT Openreach away.
ZTE, MTN South Africa jointly released GPON service broadband network speed boost
ZTE joint communications provider MTN South Africa officially opened in South Africa in George gigabit fiber-optic broadband (GPON) network services, brought Fast-bandwidth fiber optic network experience on the one hundred local residents. After the introduction of this technology in Africa, it is expected to raise the overall progress of the African fixed-line broadband, significantly increasing the average user's wired network access experience.
According to ZTE COMESA sale at CTO Lu Xun introduction, GPON network technology currently in Africa in South Africa, Nigeria, Algeria and other state-owned large-scale deployments. It has high bandwidth, high efficiency, large coverage, rich user interfaces, etc., it is regarded as most operators realize business broadband access network, integrated transformation of the ideal technology.
Ishant Sukdeo MTN marketing manager, said China's information communication technology has matured in recent years, the progress of cooperation with the Chinese company well. He further pointed out that with the promotion of ZTE GPON technology applications experience, reliable equipment, advanced technology, can meet the needs of MTN.
Currently, the South African government is focusing on improving its broadband policy and facilities, with a view to 2020 broadband Internet penetration increased to 100%. According to reports, MTN will be mainly carried out against the country's fiber optic network business end users, ZTE will continue to assist the MTN GPON network construction, is expected to reach 50,000 users in one year, so that tens of thousands of family experience in South Africa and Europe as user The bandwidth rate.
According to ZTE COMESA sale at CTO Lu Xun introduction, GPON network technology currently in Africa in South Africa, Nigeria, Algeria and other state-owned large-scale deployments. It has high bandwidth, high efficiency, large coverage, rich user interfaces, etc., it is regarded as most operators realize business broadband access network, integrated transformation of the ideal technology.
Ishant Sukdeo MTN marketing manager, said China's information communication technology has matured in recent years, the progress of cooperation with the Chinese company well. He further pointed out that with the promotion of ZTE GPON technology applications experience, reliable equipment, advanced technology, can meet the needs of MTN.
Currently, the South African government is focusing on improving its broadband policy and facilities, with a view to 2020 broadband Internet penetration increased to 100%. According to reports, MTN will be mainly carried out against the country's fiber optic network business end users, ZTE will continue to assist the MTN GPON network construction, is expected to reach 50,000 users in one year, so that tens of thousands of family experience in South Africa and Europe as user The bandwidth rate.
Hong Kong FTTH penetration has reached 82%
On 8 September 2015, held the world's ultra-wideband Forum, Peter Lam PCCW-HKT, general manager of engineering department director level to share broadband development in Hong Kong.
Peter Lam expressed, PCCW has 100% of pay-TV, Huawei also our partners in the mobile space, and last year our entire network can achieve 300M bandwidth, and now we can achieve 3 carriers mobile network bandwidth. For residential customers in Hong Kong, he introduced a lot of high-rise buildings has become a landmark in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, more than 80 percent of the buildings are high-level, in this real estate layout, PCCW already has 82% of FTTH penetration, we can realization within four days of the fiber to the home, while FTTB penetration reached 77%.
PCCW past many networks are copper network, starting in 2010, PCCW begin large-scale FTTH deployment, Peter Lam further stated, HKT is Hong Kong's largest ISP, we are very proud that we are the first optical fiber instead of copper network in Hong Kong operators, is also the largest IPTV provider, which gives us a double benefit, fiber to the home for future consumption of high-bandwidth pave the way, to promote the development of mobile services, LTE network, 100% fiber ensures the 100M back pass rate. Other operators are required to rent mobile backhaul networks.
PCCW customers currently installed basically 500M to 1G networks while PCCW has begun deploying 10G networks to the home, which for PCCW to enter the field of intellectual life has brought convenience.
Peter Lam expressed, PCCW has 100% of pay-TV, Huawei also our partners in the mobile space, and last year our entire network can achieve 300M bandwidth, and now we can achieve 3 carriers mobile network bandwidth. For residential customers in Hong Kong, he introduced a lot of high-rise buildings has become a landmark in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, more than 80 percent of the buildings are high-level, in this real estate layout, PCCW already has 82% of FTTH penetration, we can realization within four days of the fiber to the home, while FTTB penetration reached 77%.
PCCW past many networks are copper network, starting in 2010, PCCW begin large-scale FTTH deployment, Peter Lam further stated, HKT is Hong Kong's largest ISP, we are very proud that we are the first optical fiber instead of copper network in Hong Kong operators, is also the largest IPTV provider, which gives us a double benefit, fiber to the home for future consumption of high-bandwidth pave the way, to promote the development of mobile services, LTE network, 100% fiber ensures the 100M back pass rate. Other operators are required to rent mobile backhaul networks.
PCCW customers currently installed basically 500M to 1G networks while PCCW has begun deploying 10G networks to the home, which for PCCW to enter the field of intellectual life has brought convenience.
BTI shows virtual broadband gateway at SDN & Openflow Assembly
Canada recently for optical transmission manufacturers BTI 7800 Packet Optical Transport equipment increased for central office applications, virtual networking features. BTI7800 virtual network edge functionality to support application server-based boards, supports third-party applications. BTI will exhibit this product at the SDN & OpenFlow World Congress in Dusseldorf, Germany on. BTI in the field will use 7800 platform to support software-defined virtual gateway SDN-vNG software applications based on Active broadband network card, showing virtual broadband gateway functions. Site of the exhibition will also use a OpenDaylight SDN controller to manage the entire NFV optical platform.
BTI global market VP Sally Bament said that the development of this product has been driven by a number of leading operators. They are eager to promote the strategic cloud computing and virtual networks. He also noted that, BTI is building a NFV industry ecosystem. Active broadband network is one of them. Other applications may also include a virtual router, another BTI will also develop some of their own SDN applications.
BTI global market VP Sally Bament said that the development of this product has been driven by a number of leading operators. They are eager to promote the strategic cloud computing and virtual networks. He also noted that, BTI is building a NFV industry ecosystem. Active broadband network is one of them. Other applications may also include a virtual router, another BTI will also develop some of their own SDN applications.
Lightcounting cut annual optical module market growth
Market research firm Lightcounting latest quarterly report in September this year a combination of the first half of global operators, Internet companies and communications equipment, devices and corporate earnings since the third quarter shipments data and dynamic communications companies. Their analysis shows some interesting results.
LC pointed out that the second quarter of this year compared to the year before, the investment in Internet companies in the field of large data centers increased by 7%, while telecom operators to invest in the telecommunications sector decreased by 12%. Reduce telecom operators to invest mainly receive complete the world's major telecom operators some major investment projects, such as China Mobile LTE deployment, while the growth rate of the Internet companies to invest in the situation significantly better than in previous years.
Year comparison, sales of data communications equipment manufacturers in the field of growth of 2%, telecommunications equipment grew by 4%. White box manufacturers continue to win market in the area of data center equipment. In the field of telecommunications equipment, Huawei and ZTE continue to gain market share. Pressure on prices may be a factor, but operators have become cautious in the evolution of SDN / NFV may also be the cause.
Device manufacturers in the data communications segment grew 10%, an increase of 7% in the field of telecommunications. Increased deployment of 100Gbps device should be the reason behind this beautiful figure, the price is usually higher 100Gbps devices. Divided by product type, the following figure shows the different types of optical components market performance in the second quarter. Optical connector market growth, although high, but due to low prices, overall sales remain low, slightly higher than $ 50 million. Broadband construction to benefit from China's, FTTx market continued to maintain a rapid growth. China's future investment in LTE-building wireless networks will also stimulate the growth of optical device market. Overall, Ethernet and WDM optical devices is still the bulk of optical components market.
In the August report, Lightcounting had predicted annual optical module market growth of more than 25%. But then some of the light module manufacturers lower growth, the Chinese market situation may change, Lightcounting decided to optical module market growth from 25% down to 15%. Even so, the annual light module market will reach $ 4 billion. The rapid development of emerging companies may supplement the decline of traditional manufacturers performance.
LC pointed out that the second quarter of this year compared to the year before, the investment in Internet companies in the field of large data centers increased by 7%, while telecom operators to invest in the telecommunications sector decreased by 12%. Reduce telecom operators to invest mainly receive complete the world's major telecom operators some major investment projects, such as China Mobile LTE deployment, while the growth rate of the Internet companies to invest in the situation significantly better than in previous years.
Year comparison, sales of data communications equipment manufacturers in the field of growth of 2%, telecommunications equipment grew by 4%. White box manufacturers continue to win market in the area of data center equipment. In the field of telecommunications equipment, Huawei and ZTE continue to gain market share. Pressure on prices may be a factor, but operators have become cautious in the evolution of SDN / NFV may also be the cause.
Device manufacturers in the data communications segment grew 10%, an increase of 7% in the field of telecommunications. Increased deployment of 100Gbps device should be the reason behind this beautiful figure, the price is usually higher 100Gbps devices. Divided by product type, the following figure shows the different types of optical components market performance in the second quarter. Optical connector market growth, although high, but due to low prices, overall sales remain low, slightly higher than $ 50 million. Broadband construction to benefit from China's, FTTx market continued to maintain a rapid growth. China's future investment in LTE-building wireless networks will also stimulate the growth of optical device market. Overall, Ethernet and WDM optical devices is still the bulk of optical components market.
In the August report, Lightcounting had predicted annual optical module market growth of more than 25%. But then some of the light module manufacturers lower growth, the Chinese market situation may change, Lightcounting decided to optical module market growth from 25% down to 15%. Even so, the annual light module market will reach $ 4 billion. The rapid development of emerging companies may supplement the decline of traditional manufacturers performance.
Chinese PON equipment revenue to break $ 1 billion mark for Q2
IHS company reported that in 2015 Q2 worldwide broadband aggregation devices (DSL, PON, Ethernet and fiber to the home) revenues increased 12%, an increase of 11%. GPON growth largely from the rapid growth in China's shipments of drives, and high-speed DSL (VDSL) in.
"Service providers realize fixed broadband services highly profitable, so the level of investment to expand the speed and fixed broadband capabilities should remain stable and continue to focus on promoting the fiber to the access network. We have seen the expansion of FTTH in China, driven by the government to the country's policy China's EPON and GPON equipment continues to greatly enhance delivery record. "IHS researcher broadband access and pay TV Jeff Heynen representation.
More broadband market view:
Chinese market in 2015 Q2, PON equipment revenue hit a record-breaking first-quarter revenue estimate $ 1 billion.
2015 full-year expenses will be more operators tend to deploy FTTH.
North America 2015 Q2 consumption environment is very complex: GPON expenses
increased 1%, but the chain fell 10%; DSL expenses fell 18%, growth of 5%.
Due to the huge Chinese market, continued investment, IHS expects global broadband aggregation market will reach $ 9 billion in 2019.
"Service providers realize fixed broadband services highly profitable, so the level of investment to expand the speed and fixed broadband capabilities should remain stable and continue to focus on promoting the fiber to the access network. We have seen the expansion of FTTH in China, driven by the government to the country's policy China's EPON and GPON equipment continues to greatly enhance delivery record. "IHS researcher broadband access and pay TV Jeff Heynen representation.
Chinese market in 2015 Q2, PON equipment revenue hit a record-breaking first-quarter revenue estimate $ 1 billion.
2015 full-year expenses will be more operators tend to deploy FTTH.
North America 2015 Q2 consumption environment is very complex: GPON expenses
increased 1%, but the chain fell 10%; DSL expenses fell 18%, growth of 5%.
Due to the huge Chinese market, continued investment, IHS expects global broadband aggregation market will reach $ 9 billion in 2019.
Latin American FTTH / FTTB line during the year to reach 5.1 million
Market research firm Pyramid's latest report says Latin American FTTH / FTTB connections will reach 5.1 million during the year, the next five years the average annual compound growth rate of 34.9%, but compared to DSL remains the main broadband access technology in the region.
Pyramid expects the total amount of fixed lines in Latin America during the year reached 163.8 million, an increase of 2.3% compared with 2014, the average annual growth rate of the next five years to reach 2.1%.
Pyramid noted that broadband is the main driver of growth in Latin America Wireline Communications, 2020, the total number of fixed lines in the region will reach 181.9 million. In contrast, FTTH / FTTB development, there are many potential. 2015 Latin American FTTH / FTTB penetration is less than 6.9%, DSL accounted for 57.5% of the market in 2014, by 2020 there will still be 40% of the market. Price question is now the bottleneck problem in Latin America FTTH / FTTB development encountered.
Pyramid expects the total amount of fixed lines in Latin America during the year reached 163.8 million, an increase of 2.3% compared with 2014, the average annual growth rate of the next five years to reach 2.1%.
Pyramid noted that broadband is the main driver of growth in Latin America Wireline Communications, 2020, the total number of fixed lines in the region will reach 181.9 million. In contrast, FTTH / FTTB development, there are many potential. 2015 Latin American FTTH / FTTB penetration is less than 6.9%, DSL accounted for 57.5% of the market in 2014, by 2020 there will still be 40% of the market. Price question is now the bottleneck problem in Latin America FTTH / FTTB development encountered.
Fixed construction potential solutions - VDSL
"Broadband China Strategy" by 2020 China's fixed broadband subscribers to reach 400 million fixed broadband household penetration rate reached 70%, the number of Internet users reached 1.1 billion urban broadband access capacity of 50Mbps, rural broadband access capacity 12Mbps. How to effectively implement such an ambitious communications project is placed in front of the major operators of a problem. China from the current mainstream carriers fixed construction situation, FTTH undoubtedly get the operator's favor, but full use of technology to achieve FTTH broadband speed, how many there are some problems, such as high construction costs, low profitability, engineering deployment long period, the old district FTTH difficult, interoperability and so on. So, how to solve these problems the operator's problem? VDSL technology is a promising solution.
From the perspective of technical maturity perspective, VDSL technology in Europe, North America, after years of business we have been popular. FTTH construction interoperability issues that exist in a relatively different manufacturers PON and PON terminal between the central office, the interconnection and VDSL VDSL central office terminal has been quite mature. VDSL infrastructure currently the main chip only Broadcom, Lantiq, Ikanos, the mainstream of the terminal VDSL chip includes Broadcom, Lantiq, MTK, Triductor, Ikanos, central office and terminal chip must follow the DSL interoperability specification TR67/TR100/TR114, and must Broadband Forum the IOP testing before commercial DSL interoperability lab. VDSL equipment interoperability is guaranteed by the main chip firmware, qualified VDSL CO or CPE main core must Broadband Forum certification, including TR67 (ADSL), TR100 (ADSL2/2+), TR114 (VDSL2), TR115 (VDSL SRA etc) specification test. Chinese shipments of mainstream VDSL terminal chip manufacturers have Broadcom, Lantiq, MTK, Triductor, 2013 China Telecom organized the interoperability testing VDSL, including interoperability testing G.vector, G.INP and other advanced features of the ideal test case and can meet the requirements of different manufacturers interoperability. In addition, VDSL terminal chips in addition to support VDSL2 central office, but also backward compatible with ADSL/2/2+, ADSL and VDSL to meet then mixed scenarios.
From the perspective of the carrying capacity in terms of bandwidth, VDSL technology also meet the 2020 Chinese urban broadband access broadband China strategy proposed to achieve 50Mbps, 12Mbps rural broadband access capacity requirements. VDSL2 technology is quite mature, with a capacity of over 300 meters 50Mbps bandwidth. In addition, Vectoring technology has been in commercial quantities in 2014, found within 300 meters downstream can support 100Mbps of bandwidth capability, within 500 meters of 80Mbps bandwidth capabilities. G.fast technology is expected after 2015 with commercial power to support bandwidth capability within 100 meters of 1Gbps. Therefore, VDSL+FTTB or VDSL+FTTC this application mode can well meet the requirements of broadband speed broadband China strategy.
From the perspective of the construction costs, the use of FTTH technology deployment laying fiber to the home network requires a comprehensive, but VDSL technology can take full advantage of the existing network of the original copper line resources already deployed in some twisted family, if need to deploy VDSL, you do not need to reproduce the wiring line cost savings. Secondly, VDSL network without deploying FTTH networks like optical splitter, optical connectors and other devices, which are very expensive period, saving the cost of network components. In addition, VDSL terminal and infrastructure costs are much lower than FTTH terminal and infrastructure costs, which reduces the equipment cost. Overall, construction costs line VDSL users about one-third of the construction cost of the first-line PON subscribers. This cash-strapped operators provincial company or to the city, it means they can spend less money, construction of a high-bandwidth network, which also meets the requirements of the national broadband strategy.
From an engineering point of view deployment, FTTH network construction is equivalent to re-building the access network, the central office OLT main work includes deployment, debugging, fiber optic cabling, terminal and infrastructure interoperability testing and so on, a long construction period. The VDSL network deployment is relatively simple, and can utilize the existing copper line resources, eliminating the need for network cabling link, simply replace the ADSL central office VDSL central office, and there are no interoperability issues, VDSL terminal equipment can be directly and VDSL infrastructure equipment to achieve docking, greatly simplifies the difficulty of engineering deployment, while compressing the construction period and construction costs of the project deployment.
Simply put, in China FTTH construction in full swing wave, there VDSL technology still has great significance:
(A) for the network construction funds tight provinces or cities, you can take advantage of VDSL technology for broadband speed, while saving construction costs;
(B) to ensure high-bandwidth fiber to the home at the same time an effective solution to difficult issues, improve user viscosity;
(C) the requirements for the network construction period short speed network transformation project, the network may consider the use of VDSL technology to FTTB+VDSL or FTTC+VDSL way to achieve broadband speed, significantly shorten the construction period.
Here are the main scenarios VDSL terminal:
(A) DSLAM upgrade part of the current network by ADSL DSLAM support the board upgrade to VDSL cards, VDSL gateway can be directly mounted at DSLAM, ADSL cat replace user's original VDSL terminals, broadband upgrade and provide IPTV, OTT etc. can control business.
(B) replace the existing ADSL infrastructure by MDU
If the original can not be upgraded to support VDSL DSLAM central office, FTTB+VDSL technology can be used in new residential MDU or replace the original can not be upgraded DSLAM. VDSL gateway can be directly mounted in the MDU, the user to replace the original cat ADSL VDSL terminals, broadband upgrade and provide IPTV, OTT, etc. can control business.
From the perspective of technical maturity perspective, VDSL technology in Europe, North America, after years of business we have been popular. FTTH construction interoperability issues that exist in a relatively different manufacturers PON and PON terminal between the central office, the interconnection and VDSL VDSL central office terminal has been quite mature. VDSL infrastructure currently the main chip only Broadcom, Lantiq, Ikanos, the mainstream of the terminal VDSL chip includes Broadcom, Lantiq, MTK, Triductor, Ikanos, central office and terminal chip must follow the DSL interoperability specification TR67/TR100/TR114, and must Broadband Forum the IOP testing before commercial DSL interoperability lab. VDSL equipment interoperability is guaranteed by the main chip firmware, qualified VDSL CO or CPE main core must Broadband Forum certification, including TR67 (ADSL), TR100 (ADSL2/2+), TR114 (VDSL2), TR115 (VDSL SRA etc) specification test. Chinese shipments of mainstream VDSL terminal chip manufacturers have Broadcom, Lantiq, MTK, Triductor, 2013 China Telecom organized the interoperability testing VDSL, including interoperability testing G.vector, G.INP and other advanced features of the ideal test case and can meet the requirements of different manufacturers interoperability. In addition, VDSL terminal chips in addition to support VDSL2 central office, but also backward compatible with ADSL/2/2+, ADSL and VDSL to meet then mixed scenarios.
From the perspective of the carrying capacity in terms of bandwidth, VDSL technology also meet the 2020 Chinese urban broadband access broadband China strategy proposed to achieve 50Mbps, 12Mbps rural broadband access capacity requirements. VDSL2 technology is quite mature, with a capacity of over 300 meters 50Mbps bandwidth. In addition, Vectoring technology has been in commercial quantities in 2014, found within 300 meters downstream can support 100Mbps of bandwidth capability, within 500 meters of 80Mbps bandwidth capabilities. G.fast technology is expected after 2015 with commercial power to support bandwidth capability within 100 meters of 1Gbps. Therefore, VDSL+FTTB or VDSL+FTTC this application mode can well meet the requirements of broadband speed broadband China strategy.
From an engineering point of view deployment, FTTH network construction is equivalent to re-building the access network, the central office OLT main work includes deployment, debugging, fiber optic cabling, terminal and infrastructure interoperability testing and so on, a long construction period. The VDSL network deployment is relatively simple, and can utilize the existing copper line resources, eliminating the need for network cabling link, simply replace the ADSL central office VDSL central office, and there are no interoperability issues, VDSL terminal equipment can be directly and VDSL infrastructure equipment to achieve docking, greatly simplifies the difficulty of engineering deployment, while compressing the construction period and construction costs of the project deployment.
Simply put, in China FTTH construction in full swing wave, there VDSL technology still has great significance:
(A) for the network construction funds tight provinces or cities, you can take advantage of VDSL technology for broadband speed, while saving construction costs;
(B) to ensure high-bandwidth fiber to the home at the same time an effective solution to difficult issues, improve user viscosity;
(C) the requirements for the network construction period short speed network transformation project, the network may consider the use of VDSL technology to FTTB+VDSL or FTTC+VDSL way to achieve broadband speed, significantly shorten the construction period.
Here are the main scenarios VDSL terminal:
(A) DSLAM upgrade part of the current network by ADSL DSLAM support the board upgrade to VDSL cards, VDSL gateway can be directly mounted at DSLAM, ADSL cat replace user's original VDSL terminals, broadband upgrade and provide IPTV, OTT etc. can control business.
If the original can not be upgraded to support VDSL DSLAM central office, FTTB+VDSL technology can be used in new residential MDU or replace the original can not be upgraded DSLAM. VDSL gateway can be directly mounted in the MDU, the user to replace the original cat ADSL VDSL terminals, broadband upgrade and provide IPTV, OTT, etc. can control business.
Next-generation optical network architecture aimed at five directions
In the high-speed, large bandwidth demand driven by the telecommunications network has been developing rapidly, but the energy issues have been aroused widespread concern operators, telecommunications equipment manufacturers, service providers have forecast, if there are 1000 1.2P router, its energy consumption will reach 1.5 Gigabit power, the equivalent of a nuclear power plant. To this end the EU set up a green photoelectric networking groups dedicated to energy-saving light device research. Chinese Academy of Engineering Wu Hequan in 2010 China Internet Conference opening ceremony, mentioned: "Broadband Internet is the flow under the extraordinary development of the mobile Internet will increase the energy consumption of the network, the need in terms of system technology development efficient, energy-saving Internet. "As an important part of the telecommunications network, optical network plays an important role in the green, energy saving.
Construction of low-carbon green network imminent
With the progress of society and the economy continues to develop, contradiction between energy consumption and environmental protection become more prominent. On the one hand, the importance of the environment for sustainable human development, has been unprecedented attention; to improve the environment, reduce pollution, has become the urgent voice of the times. On the other hand, energy depletion looming, energy consumption doubled every year, the total energy consumption of excessive energy consumption and low efficiency is a major bottleneck to limit human development. Solve the energy problem, the protection of the living environment, have become formidable challenges to human development.
The rapid development of human society as a symbol of industry, communications industry to bear the brunt of the energy challenge. With the gradual improvement of people's communication needs, a rapid increase in ICT network coverage, ICT energy consumption is also rapid growth, but increasing consumption of network equipment and components. Data show that, ICT energy consumption in 2009 accounted for 8% of total world energy consumption. As an important part of the ICT infrastructure, energy-saving measures telecommunications networks also put on the agenda.
Telecommunications network structure shown in Figure 1, from the three components of the telecommunications network to start, namely core, metro and access networks, optical networks currently existing summary representation of energy-saving programs.
Promoting multi-core network
The core network is the main parts of the network with a wide coverage, long distance transmission, data volume, transfer rate is high. Backbone network energy consumption of the total energy consumption of about 12% is expected in 2020 will reach 20%.
First, the core network traffic in different sizes at different times of day. When the traffic load is low, the nodes and links suspended or the presence of a low utilization rate, resulting in a waste of energy. How to achieve maximum energy efficiency, namely, how to turn off as many free nodes and links, is key. This problem is NP-hard problem, usually MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Program) to resolve, but with the increase of network nodes, MILP calculation increases dramatically, and therefore only suitable for small networks MILP.
For large networks, heuristic algorithm can be used to complete the routing and wavelength assignment, network effective components is minimized. Now commonly use local search, multiple search and global search space to deal with NP-hard problems. Local search algorithm is a generic term for a class of approximation algorithms, which from an initial solution, every step to find a better solution in the current field, the objective function gradually optimized until no further improvement so far; multi-space search algorithm search space smoothing techniques to reduce the number of local minima; global search algorithm, it refers to the global search or global optimization using SAT question a special transformation model discrete Boolean space into a "continuous amount of space on the real SAT question "The global optimization method known steepest descent method, Newton method, quasi-Newton method, cutting plane method, ellipsoid method, homotopy method, Boolean difference method.
Second, the core network IP routing is the main energy-consuming equipment, its energy consumption accounts for about 90% of the total net energy consumption, how to reduce energy consumption is an important aspect of the core network routing saving to be considered.
Core routing line cards and chassis energy can not be ignored, line cards and chassis configurations different result in different power consumption. Generally the higher the level of the chassis is filled, saving more obvious, that is, high fill rate is less than the low filling factor chassis Chassis energy consumption per bit.
Third, the core network presents multi-layer network structure, so it should take into account the comprehensive energy saving multi-layer networks. Since most energy exchange and transmission equipment to some extent, depending on the traffic load, thus relates to multilayer traffic grooming to achieve network optimization business, so as to reduce the amount of use of the wavelength and ADM. Currently focused on traffic grooming WDM ring network under static business plan by establishing universal traffic grooming model, using heuristic algorithm to solve the traffic grooming to achieve network optimization. In addition, the transmission route of IP packet size affect its energy consumption there. When that is constant bit-service transmission, IP packets larger energy is smaller.
Fourth, the traditional best path selected on the basis of the minimum number of hops, but the minimum number of nodes hop path is the excessive use of the possibility of large, resulting in net energy increase and affect the network lifetime. Therefore, it is proposed energy-aware routing, it will route the remaining energy is selected as the best path indicators, thereby reducing the network energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. Energy-aware routing in two designs: one is the power efficiency of the design, namely the integration of routing ASICs / FPGAs and propose a scalable central structure, making routing energy consumption reduced by 50%. Another power-saving design, namely to reduce the extra energy, including static and dynamic performance control performance of the control of both. Static performance control can achieve 10% to 20% energy saving, Dynamic Performance Control can be changed dynamically according to the arrival traffic routing performance, it is the next generation routing development.
MAN local conditions
MAN boundary between LAN and WAN, which covers the geographic scope of the city, connecting the user's device and service aggregation and core network directly connected. MAN used different network technologies are also different. In the main technology MAN has SONET, WDM ring, Ethernet. Metro WDM ring structure which is widely applied.
Consider three kinds of structure for unidirectional WDM ring network: FG (First-Generaion) optical network, SH (single-hop) networks, MH (multi-hop) networks. In FG optical network, each node inflow and outflow of business is electrical processing, including relay service; in SH network, when the node is the source node or the destination node only when the electrical processing; MH network between both of Room. When unidirectional WDM ring network with uniform service, the capacity and the connection rate approaching wavelength, MH network energy consumption is lower than FG. When the low connection rate, MH network better than SH network, because the network service multiplex MH more flexible terms.
Research priorities Ethernet energy savings, the main problem is to reduce the energy consumption of the Ethernet interface. IEEE 802.3az work of the Working Group, in order to reduce the energy consumption of Ethernet, Ethernet Working Group for efficient electronic interfaces including 1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T, standardized process. The main idea of this aspect of the study is: when the load is small, by reducing or even shut down the port speed port to reduce energy consumption. Research on the Ethernet energy issues will be further cut operating costs Ethernet, making Ethernet gradually become a green technology.
Access Network two-pronged approach
As a network infrastructure connection between the user terminal equipment and some service network nodes, the access network is the last one kilometer telecommunications network facilities, consisting of most of the telecommunications network. Modern access networks are characterized by integrated service access, particularly integrated access multimedia services and IP services. Studies have shown that the presence of a large number of active nodes, the access network consumes 70 percent of the energy of the whole network. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption of the access network can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the whole network.
The current access network technologies there are two types of wired access and wireless access. Wired access technologies include xDSL, CM, FTTx and other wireless access technologies, including Wi-Fi, WiMAX and cellular data services (such as LTE, 2G, 3G, etc.).
Cable Access introduce FTTx currently widely used as the main technique of PON FTTx energy mainly from improvements in integrated circuit technology, energy-saving chip design, equipment improvement aspects to be considered. New long-distance network passive optical network LR-PON (Long-reach Passive Optical Network) proposed, shown in Figure 2, the transmission distance of the conventional PON extends from 20km to 100km, for a large number of access / metropolitan area provide broadband access customers, it is a promising future access network solution. Because between the central office and the customer using passive devices to achieve long distance transmission, so that the transmission energy consumption greatly reduced; and patients with multiple optical line terminal and the central office, simplifying the network and reducing equipment interfaces and network elements to achieve device energy saving.
Wireless access to cellular data services, for example, in a cellular data service, since the ad hoc network nodes to limit the source power and transmission power, so usually a perception cellular-based routing protocol, to achieve energy-aware and load balancing.
Imagine the future of energy-efficient network
As shown in Figure 3 green future optical network architecture, it should have five characteristics.
First, the entire network to all-optical networks, signal switching, routing, transport and recovery all functions in the form of light, not only broke through the bottleneck of electrical transmission rate, but without optical / electrical, electrical / optical conversion device, saving energy consumption.
Second, the use of dynamic energy-aware routing, dynamic routing performance vary depending on the volume of business, namely business volume adjustment transmitter power and selected according to the network nodes and links, the best path based on the residual energy, thereby reducing some of the network nodes excessive use, the data flow evenly distributed network nodes.
Third, take dynamic traffic grooming, without changing the number of wavelengths and ADM and ADM distributed by dynamically changing each wavelength carrying business, regulate distribution business in wavelengths, flexible achieve wavelength conversion, reached with the least ADM quantity to support dynamically changing business.
Fourth, according to the traffic volume of nodes and links, for unused and under-node and link thresholds into hibernation, the high utilization node set a lower threshold, low utilization node set a higher threshold, the business reach Threshold is open nodes below the threshold, select another link, the purpose of a dynamic and efficient use of nodes and links.
Fifth, the use of long-distance access network instead of the traditional metro and access networks, the optical line terminal to the local exchange of 90km feeder sections and the local exchange to the ONU under 10km transmission line are made of passive components, reducing the traditional program energy active devices. Since the burst-mode upstream information, so there are a lot of idle time ONU can design business trigger mechanism, that information transmission was started OUN, no information then goes into sleep mode, thereby reducing the idle time ONU power consumption.
Construction of low-carbon green network imminent
With the progress of society and the economy continues to develop, contradiction between energy consumption and environmental protection become more prominent. On the one hand, the importance of the environment for sustainable human development, has been unprecedented attention; to improve the environment, reduce pollution, has become the urgent voice of the times. On the other hand, energy depletion looming, energy consumption doubled every year, the total energy consumption of excessive energy consumption and low efficiency is a major bottleneck to limit human development. Solve the energy problem, the protection of the living environment, have become formidable challenges to human development.
The rapid development of human society as a symbol of industry, communications industry to bear the brunt of the energy challenge. With the gradual improvement of people's communication needs, a rapid increase in ICT network coverage, ICT energy consumption is also rapid growth, but increasing consumption of network equipment and components. Data show that, ICT energy consumption in 2009 accounted for 8% of total world energy consumption. As an important part of the ICT infrastructure, energy-saving measures telecommunications networks also put on the agenda.
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| Figure 1 telecommunications network |
Promoting multi-core network
The core network is the main parts of the network with a wide coverage, long distance transmission, data volume, transfer rate is high. Backbone network energy consumption of the total energy consumption of about 12% is expected in 2020 will reach 20%.
First, the core network traffic in different sizes at different times of day. When the traffic load is low, the nodes and links suspended or the presence of a low utilization rate, resulting in a waste of energy. How to achieve maximum energy efficiency, namely, how to turn off as many free nodes and links, is key. This problem is NP-hard problem, usually MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Program) to resolve, but with the increase of network nodes, MILP calculation increases dramatically, and therefore only suitable for small networks MILP.
For large networks, heuristic algorithm can be used to complete the routing and wavelength assignment, network effective components is minimized. Now commonly use local search, multiple search and global search space to deal with NP-hard problems. Local search algorithm is a generic term for a class of approximation algorithms, which from an initial solution, every step to find a better solution in the current field, the objective function gradually optimized until no further improvement so far; multi-space search algorithm search space smoothing techniques to reduce the number of local minima; global search algorithm, it refers to the global search or global optimization using SAT question a special transformation model discrete Boolean space into a "continuous amount of space on the real SAT question "The global optimization method known steepest descent method, Newton method, quasi-Newton method, cutting plane method, ellipsoid method, homotopy method, Boolean difference method.
Second, the core network IP routing is the main energy-consuming equipment, its energy consumption accounts for about 90% of the total net energy consumption, how to reduce energy consumption is an important aspect of the core network routing saving to be considered.
Core routing line cards and chassis energy can not be ignored, line cards and chassis configurations different result in different power consumption. Generally the higher the level of the chassis is filled, saving more obvious, that is, high fill rate is less than the low filling factor chassis Chassis energy consumption per bit.
Third, the core network presents multi-layer network structure, so it should take into account the comprehensive energy saving multi-layer networks. Since most energy exchange and transmission equipment to some extent, depending on the traffic load, thus relates to multilayer traffic grooming to achieve network optimization business, so as to reduce the amount of use of the wavelength and ADM. Currently focused on traffic grooming WDM ring network under static business plan by establishing universal traffic grooming model, using heuristic algorithm to solve the traffic grooming to achieve network optimization. In addition, the transmission route of IP packet size affect its energy consumption there. When that is constant bit-service transmission, IP packets larger energy is smaller.
Fourth, the traditional best path selected on the basis of the minimum number of hops, but the minimum number of nodes hop path is the excessive use of the possibility of large, resulting in net energy increase and affect the network lifetime. Therefore, it is proposed energy-aware routing, it will route the remaining energy is selected as the best path indicators, thereby reducing the network energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. Energy-aware routing in two designs: one is the power efficiency of the design, namely the integration of routing ASICs / FPGAs and propose a scalable central structure, making routing energy consumption reduced by 50%. Another power-saving design, namely to reduce the extra energy, including static and dynamic performance control performance of the control of both. Static performance control can achieve 10% to 20% energy saving, Dynamic Performance Control can be changed dynamically according to the arrival traffic routing performance, it is the next generation routing development.
MAN local conditions
MAN boundary between LAN and WAN, which covers the geographic scope of the city, connecting the user's device and service aggregation and core network directly connected. MAN used different network technologies are also different. In the main technology MAN has SONET, WDM ring, Ethernet. Metro WDM ring structure which is widely applied.
Consider three kinds of structure for unidirectional WDM ring network: FG (First-Generaion) optical network, SH (single-hop) networks, MH (multi-hop) networks. In FG optical network, each node inflow and outflow of business is electrical processing, including relay service; in SH network, when the node is the source node or the destination node only when the electrical processing; MH network between both of Room. When unidirectional WDM ring network with uniform service, the capacity and the connection rate approaching wavelength, MH network energy consumption is lower than FG. When the low connection rate, MH network better than SH network, because the network service multiplex MH more flexible terms.
Research priorities Ethernet energy savings, the main problem is to reduce the energy consumption of the Ethernet interface. IEEE 802.3az work of the Working Group, in order to reduce the energy consumption of Ethernet, Ethernet Working Group for efficient electronic interfaces including 1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T, standardized process. The main idea of this aspect of the study is: when the load is small, by reducing or even shut down the port speed port to reduce energy consumption. Research on the Ethernet energy issues will be further cut operating costs Ethernet, making Ethernet gradually become a green technology.
Access Network two-pronged approach
 |
| Figure 2 long-reach PON Chart |
The current access network technologies there are two types of wired access and wireless access. Wired access technologies include xDSL, CM, FTTx and other wireless access technologies, including Wi-Fi, WiMAX and cellular data services (such as LTE, 2G, 3G, etc.).
Cable Access introduce FTTx currently widely used as the main technique of PON FTTx energy mainly from improvements in integrated circuit technology, energy-saving chip design, equipment improvement aspects to be considered. New long-distance network passive optical network LR-PON (Long-reach Passive Optical Network) proposed, shown in Figure 2, the transmission distance of the conventional PON extends from 20km to 100km, for a large number of access / metropolitan area provide broadband access customers, it is a promising future access network solution. Because between the central office and the customer using passive devices to achieve long distance transmission, so that the transmission energy consumption greatly reduced; and patients with multiple optical line terminal and the central office, simplifying the network and reducing equipment interfaces and network elements to achieve device energy saving.
Wireless access to cellular data services, for example, in a cellular data service, since the ad hoc network nodes to limit the source power and transmission power, so usually a perception cellular-based routing protocol, to achieve energy-aware and load balancing.
Imagine the future of energy-efficient network
 |
| Figure 3 green future optical network architecture |
First, the entire network to all-optical networks, signal switching, routing, transport and recovery all functions in the form of light, not only broke through the bottleneck of electrical transmission rate, but without optical / electrical, electrical / optical conversion device, saving energy consumption.
Second, the use of dynamic energy-aware routing, dynamic routing performance vary depending on the volume of business, namely business volume adjustment transmitter power and selected according to the network nodes and links, the best path based on the residual energy, thereby reducing some of the network nodes excessive use, the data flow evenly distributed network nodes.
Third, take dynamic traffic grooming, without changing the number of wavelengths and ADM and ADM distributed by dynamically changing each wavelength carrying business, regulate distribution business in wavelengths, flexible achieve wavelength conversion, reached with the least ADM quantity to support dynamically changing business.
Fourth, according to the traffic volume of nodes and links, for unused and under-node and link thresholds into hibernation, the high utilization node set a lower threshold, low utilization node set a higher threshold, the business reach Threshold is open nodes below the threshold, select another link, the purpose of a dynamic and efficient use of nodes and links.
Fifth, the use of long-distance access network instead of the traditional metro and access networks, the optical line terminal to the local exchange of 90km feeder sections and the local exchange to the ONU under 10km transmission line are made of passive components, reducing the traditional program energy active devices. Since the burst-mode upstream information, so there are a lot of idle time ONU can design business trigger mechanism, that information transmission was started OUN, no information then goes into sleep mode, thereby reducing the idle time ONU power consumption.
Software-defined optical transport network make the network should be the need to change
Last year, China established the broadband strategy released two milestones: the 2015 basic realization of urban fiber-to-floor home in rural broadband into the village into the village, urban and rural households broadband access basic to 20Mbps and 4Mbps, some developed cities met 100Mbps; to 2020, a comprehensive broadband network covering urban and rural, urban and rural households to broadband access, respectively, 50Mbps and 12Mbps, the developed part of the city home users up to 1Gbps. This means that in the next few years, operators must continue to upgrade optical networks to achieve these goals. It is worth noting that the network bandwidth is growing at the same time, an endless stream of new broadband services, intelligent optical network flexibility and put forward higher requirements. Promotion of software-defined optical transport network (SD-OTN) to achieve network virtualization to maximize the use of network resources, so that an effective means of networks should the need to change.
Expansion and intelligent optical networks are two main trends of development. Cisco predicts that global data traffic in the next few years will show explosive growth. The next five years, the compound annual growth rate of global traffic will reach 66 percent, the growth rate in Asia as much as 76%. Nokia Communications released a research report pointed out that by 2020, the daily per capita consumption of personalized traffic will reach 1GB. Huawei predicts that the next three years, China backbone network traffic growth rate of up to 70% of the total bandwidth of backbone transmission network will reach 150Tbps, there may even exceed 200Tbps. In anticipation of traffic turmoil, carriers and communications companies are actively studying and deploying 100G and ultra-100G technologies. Single-carrier technology has been difficult to meet the needs of rapid development of traffic, the use of multi-carrier technology to improve spectral efficiency has become the focus of attention of the industry.
At the same time, with the growing number of broadband users, the type of intelligent terminal has become even more rich, cloud computing, big data, networking and other applications rise and gradually becoming more mature. Optical network support broadband services rendered dynamic trends. Traffic Storm is not evenly distributed, network traffic is often at different times are not the same, monthly, daily and even hourly flow situation is different. Such as big game day might have compared with the usual more users watch online live video; and if in the neighborhood during the day tend to be less traffic, more traffic at night, but during the day in the office area in general is more traffic, less traffic at night. If we can achieve dynamic network resource management and scheduling will undoubtedly maximize the use of network resources, thereby reducing overall costs. The conventional automatic switched optical network, generalized multi-protocol label switching architecture has been unable to meet this demand, an urgent need to introduce new technologies like software-defined optical transport network.
Software-defined optical transport network is the direction of the development of next generation optical transport networks, its design ideas from computing software-defined network (SDN). SDN is a new network architecture, network control plane and data forwarding plane will be separated, and programmable control. SDN architecture typical of three layers, the top layer of the application, including a variety of services and applications; middle control layer is mainly responsible for handling data plane resource scheduling, maintenance of network topology and status information; the underlying infrastructure layer is responsible for data processing based on the flow table, forwarding and status collector. Its main advantages as follows: standardization of hardware, reducing system hardware requirements, in order to achieve cost reductions; intelligent network management fully realized by the software to improve the ease of operation; simplifies network configuration process can rapid opening of new business.
SDN application in the main operators in the field of IP data networks, data centers and optical transmission network of the three scenarios. Among them, the software-defined OTN flexible pipes, dynamic bandwidth and programmable three characteristics, it is possible to achieve flexible scheduling hardware, network software dynamically adjust resources will help operators to manage network resources fine. Software-defined optical transport network of programmable optical network transmission controllers and programmable resource virtualization technology to provide efficient, flexible, open network services for different applications. It requires flexible optical, electrical function modules, programmable light system that supports OpenFlow standard control interface, providing an open API.
Currently, SDN standardization work is still in its infancy, software-defined optical transport networks need to overcome software programming optical path flexible switching, software-driven optical transmission adjustment key technology software extensions of optical automatic networking, as it continues to mature and widely applications, broadband network is expected to usher in a new round of changes.
Expansion and intelligent optical networks are two main trends of development. Cisco predicts that global data traffic in the next few years will show explosive growth. The next five years, the compound annual growth rate of global traffic will reach 66 percent, the growth rate in Asia as much as 76%. Nokia Communications released a research report pointed out that by 2020, the daily per capita consumption of personalized traffic will reach 1GB. Huawei predicts that the next three years, China backbone network traffic growth rate of up to 70% of the total bandwidth of backbone transmission network will reach 150Tbps, there may even exceed 200Tbps. In anticipation of traffic turmoil, carriers and communications companies are actively studying and deploying 100G and ultra-100G technologies. Single-carrier technology has been difficult to meet the needs of rapid development of traffic, the use of multi-carrier technology to improve spectral efficiency has become the focus of attention of the industry.
At the same time, with the growing number of broadband users, the type of intelligent terminal has become even more rich, cloud computing, big data, networking and other applications rise and gradually becoming more mature. Optical network support broadband services rendered dynamic trends. Traffic Storm is not evenly distributed, network traffic is often at different times are not the same, monthly, daily and even hourly flow situation is different. Such as big game day might have compared with the usual more users watch online live video; and if in the neighborhood during the day tend to be less traffic, more traffic at night, but during the day in the office area in general is more traffic, less traffic at night. If we can achieve dynamic network resource management and scheduling will undoubtedly maximize the use of network resources, thereby reducing overall costs. The conventional automatic switched optical network, generalized multi-protocol label switching architecture has been unable to meet this demand, an urgent need to introduce new technologies like software-defined optical transport network.
Software-defined optical transport network is the direction of the development of next generation optical transport networks, its design ideas from computing software-defined network (SDN). SDN is a new network architecture, network control plane and data forwarding plane will be separated, and programmable control. SDN architecture typical of three layers, the top layer of the application, including a variety of services and applications; middle control layer is mainly responsible for handling data plane resource scheduling, maintenance of network topology and status information; the underlying infrastructure layer is responsible for data processing based on the flow table, forwarding and status collector. Its main advantages as follows: standardization of hardware, reducing system hardware requirements, in order to achieve cost reductions; intelligent network management fully realized by the software to improve the ease of operation; simplifies network configuration process can rapid opening of new business.
SDN application in the main operators in the field of IP data networks, data centers and optical transmission network of the three scenarios. Among them, the software-defined OTN flexible pipes, dynamic bandwidth and programmable three characteristics, it is possible to achieve flexible scheduling hardware, network software dynamically adjust resources will help operators to manage network resources fine. Software-defined optical transport network of programmable optical network transmission controllers and programmable resource virtualization technology to provide efficient, flexible, open network services for different applications. It requires flexible optical, electrical function modules, programmable light system that supports OpenFlow standard control interface, providing an open API.
Currently, SDN standardization work is still in its infancy, software-defined optical transport networks need to overcome software programming optical path flexible switching, software-driven optical transmission adjustment key technology software extensions of optical automatic networking, as it continues to mature and widely applications, broadband network is expected to usher in a new round of changes.
Gigabit broadband killer application call
CIO website recently published a signed Steven Max Patterson's article "Gigabit Internet out of the small market." The article said that Google Fiber Gigabit Internet can be verified attractive prices to win market. Now, users have, the next step is to find the killer application.
Since 2011, Google launched the $70 per month gigabit fiber-optic broadband service in Kansas City since, according to market research firm, principal analyst Michael Render of RVA LLC company data, the United States currently has 83 ISP learning Google started to provide gigabit broadband services , prices are between $50 to $150. Over the past few years, the average annual growth rate gigabit broadband users reached 480%. From the third quarter of last year to the second quarter of this year, the number of users Gigabit to 174,000 from 40,000. Moreover, Comcast and other companies have even launched a 2Gbps of broadband services.
Optical devices as well as optical equipment, continuous improvement and falling prices of fiber optic cable technology led directly to the decline in the price of broadband services. According to data DrPeering website, since 1998, the price per Mbps broadband services has remained slow down more than 30% annually. (This will be another of Moore's Law it?)
Broadband service prices continue to decline, the direct driving force behind the competition. Google such companies seem unattainable with conventional prices provide gigabit broadband services. Traditional telecommunications operators have been complaining endlessly. Broadband is no longer able to become an effective telecom operator revenue sources, like the previous voice services, SMS same. Now more like a Gigabit broadband internet. With Patterson to the article, as iPhone has just launched the era, the real significance App, few users are few, and the platform to wait until there are more applications and users increase came in.
By the US government as well as Juniper, Cisco, Verizon, Google, Comcast and other non-profit organization jointly sponsored US Ignite now are trying to play a gigabit broadband era of application incubator to help developers and researchers to showcase their Gigabit applications. HD video, remote meetings, remote education, remote industrial control, virtual reality, telemedicine, etc., may be the opportunity to show their talents gigabit broadband. HD and low latency Gigabit broadband two advantages. It has been through the use of Gigabit broadband demonstration halfway across the globe violin ensemble. No ultra-wideband, this trio is not possible.
Editing in the Dabie Mountain area travel these days, a particularly deep feeling is that there's a beautiful, if we can take advantage of broadband networks configure remote education, health care and other resources, there is a remote meeting to address the business office, plus high-speed rail will attract more more people settle in their hometowns, and even stranger to pioneering, for the construction of China's urbanization significance. Editing years have seen a Cisco's video conferencing system, which went to the site of feeling is very strong. But that system was very expensive, now can reach that level conference system is not cheap. Editing was wondering if we can use to launch a low-cost Gigabit broadband or even free desktop video conferencing system, the enterprise will be very attractive. SDN and cloud now appears to promote all software-based, cloud-based, but with Gigabit broadband can truly cloud-based.
Telecommuting is one aspect of telemedicine is one thing more interested in editing recently. Fiber broadband will focus decentralized medical resources, work best thing. A few days ago in Denver, is there a summit on health IT, which has a lot of discussion on telemedicine. HCI (Health care informatics) website gives a detailed report. The article said that the United States might is at a turning point in telemedicine. The US government has introduced subsidies telemedicine development policy. The meeting room, 40 percent of the audience said they had begun telemedicine attempt.
With telemedicine, distance education, and so on, Chinese people still have to go to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to focus it? Gigabit fiber era to come quickly.
Since 2011, Google launched the $70 per month gigabit fiber-optic broadband service in Kansas City since, according to market research firm, principal analyst Michael Render of RVA LLC company data, the United States currently has 83 ISP learning Google started to provide gigabit broadband services , prices are between $50 to $150. Over the past few years, the average annual growth rate gigabit broadband users reached 480%. From the third quarter of last year to the second quarter of this year, the number of users Gigabit to 174,000 from 40,000. Moreover, Comcast and other companies have even launched a 2Gbps of broadband services.
Optical devices as well as optical equipment, continuous improvement and falling prices of fiber optic cable technology led directly to the decline in the price of broadband services. According to data DrPeering website, since 1998, the price per Mbps broadband services has remained slow down more than 30% annually. (This will be another of Moore's Law it?)
By the US government as well as Juniper, Cisco, Verizon, Google, Comcast and other non-profit organization jointly sponsored US Ignite now are trying to play a gigabit broadband era of application incubator to help developers and researchers to showcase their Gigabit applications. HD video, remote meetings, remote education, remote industrial control, virtual reality, telemedicine, etc., may be the opportunity to show their talents gigabit broadband. HD and low latency Gigabit broadband two advantages. It has been through the use of Gigabit broadband demonstration halfway across the globe violin ensemble. No ultra-wideband, this trio is not possible.
Editing in the Dabie Mountain area travel these days, a particularly deep feeling is that there's a beautiful, if we can take advantage of broadband networks configure remote education, health care and other resources, there is a remote meeting to address the business office, plus high-speed rail will attract more more people settle in their hometowns, and even stranger to pioneering, for the construction of China's urbanization significance. Editing years have seen a Cisco's video conferencing system, which went to the site of feeling is very strong. But that system was very expensive, now can reach that level conference system is not cheap. Editing was wondering if we can use to launch a low-cost Gigabit broadband or even free desktop video conferencing system, the enterprise will be very attractive. SDN and cloud now appears to promote all software-based, cloud-based, but with Gigabit broadband can truly cloud-based.
Telecommuting is one aspect of telemedicine is one thing more interested in editing recently. Fiber broadband will focus decentralized medical resources, work best thing. A few days ago in Denver, is there a summit on health IT, which has a lot of discussion on telemedicine. HCI (Health care informatics) website gives a detailed report. The article said that the United States might is at a turning point in telemedicine. The US government has introduced subsidies telemedicine development policy. The meeting room, 40 percent of the audience said they had begun telemedicine attempt.
With telemedicine, distance education, and so on, Chinese people still have to go to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to focus it? Gigabit fiber era to come quickly.
Optical interconnects: follow "actinic" trend lifeline
If the light sensor is to support all interconnected neural networks, the optical interconnection is supporting all interconnected lifeline.
We know that broadband Internet, on the one hand depends on the broadband high-speed backbone network, on the other hand relies on large volumes of data center, and the data center is needed in the short-distance high-capacity dense data exchange and transfer.
The traditional use of copper electrical interconnect data centers which have been difficult to meet the demand for high-speed bulk data transfer and exchange. Then the high-capacity data center, how to meet such high-speed short-range intensive data exchange and transfer it?
Now widely recognized by the scientific community is the use of active optical cable (AOC). AOC applications first, data centers and high-performance computers, both have to use a lot of servers connected to each other (computing unit), routers (switching unit) and memory (storage unit), "In the world ranking of the Milky Way computer for example, it has thousands of computing units and switching units, requiring high-speed low-power interconnect, and AOC can satisfy these needs. "
With the advent of the era of big data development and application scenarios, AOC will become the main form of ultra-wideband interconnection, the market will gradually grow.
Because the technology development and background, from communications to interconnected world, is forming a "actinic" trend: the long-distance backbone network, to the access network, fiber to the home, to the LAN and between racks connection, which is already the world of light; and from between machines, between the circuit board, and then between the integrated circuit chip, have gradually become electrically connected by optical interconnects.
In this "actinic" trend in active optical cable (AOC) with its high transfer rate, low energy consumption, high mounting density, low crosstalk, long connection distance or time delay, anti-electromagnetic interference and other prominent advantages , will play an increasingly important role in the interconnection between the racks, between the machine and the circuit board in between.
We know that broadband Internet, on the one hand depends on the broadband high-speed backbone network, on the other hand relies on large volumes of data center, and the data center is needed in the short-distance high-capacity dense data exchange and transfer.
The traditional use of copper electrical interconnect data centers which have been difficult to meet the demand for high-speed bulk data transfer and exchange. Then the high-capacity data center, how to meet such high-speed short-range intensive data exchange and transfer it?
Now widely recognized by the scientific community is the use of active optical cable (AOC). AOC applications first, data centers and high-performance computers, both have to use a lot of servers connected to each other (computing unit), routers (switching unit) and memory (storage unit), "In the world ranking of the Milky Way computer for example, it has thousands of computing units and switching units, requiring high-speed low-power interconnect, and AOC can satisfy these needs. "
With the advent of the era of big data development and application scenarios, AOC will become the main form of ultra-wideband interconnection, the market will gradually grow.
Because the technology development and background, from communications to interconnected world, is forming a "actinic" trend: the long-distance backbone network, to the access network, fiber to the home, to the LAN and between racks connection, which is already the world of light; and from between machines, between the circuit board, and then between the integrated circuit chip, have gradually become electrically connected by optical interconnects.
In this "actinic" trend in active optical cable (AOC) with its high transfer rate, low energy consumption, high mounting density, low crosstalk, long connection distance or time delay, anti-electromagnetic interference and other prominent advantages , will play an increasingly important role in the interconnection between the racks, between the machine and the circuit board in between.
2016 China Telecom Solutions XG-PON1 interoperability
Currently, China Mobile added, broadband access market is highly competitive. China Telecom and China Unicom have copper resources are not willing to discard, so broadband network construction development should consider both asset protection. China Mobile is no copper "burden", and funded with strong competitiveness. Faced with the impact of China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom efforts to strengthen the construction of FTTH.
As the main force of China Telecom FTTH in the past few years, we have begun a gradual transition from the access technology G / EPON to 10G-EPON. Recent China Telecom's 2015 Central Purchasing PON equipment, including one million 10G EPON port, close to the G / EPON port level.
XG-PON is the next generation of GPON evolution of technology. Judgment based on practical needs and technology maturity, FSAN NG-PON evolution of the definition of planning is divided into two stages: XG-PON1 and NG-PON2. XG-PON1 medium-term evolution of PON, focusing on the study of both existing GPON ODN laying next generation standards.
10G EPON interoperability has been resolved, the current focus is to reduce equipment costs. XG-PON1 current focus is to promote interoperability, China Telecom will launch in the second half of 2015, 2016, respectively, and interoperability testing different vendors OLT ONU (SFU / HGU) devices, target solve interoperability in 2016, the scale of 2017 Commercial technical preparedness.
For China Telecom, XG-PON is insurmountable stage. Within three years, is expected to TWDM PON (NG-PON2) in standard equipment maturity, cost, interoperability and other aspects not yet reached the large-scale commercial level. China Telecom will organize XG-PON interoperability testing, as the Point XG-PON technology matures.
As the main force of China Telecom FTTH in the past few years, we have begun a gradual transition from the access technology G / EPON to 10G-EPON. Recent China Telecom's 2015 Central Purchasing PON equipment, including one million 10G EPON port, close to the G / EPON port level.
XG-PON is the next generation of GPON evolution of technology. Judgment based on practical needs and technology maturity, FSAN NG-PON evolution of the definition of planning is divided into two stages: XG-PON1 and NG-PON2. XG-PON1 medium-term evolution of PON, focusing on the study of both existing GPON ODN laying next generation standards.
10G EPON interoperability has been resolved, the current focus is to reduce equipment costs. XG-PON1 current focus is to promote interoperability, China Telecom will launch in the second half of 2015, 2016, respectively, and interoperability testing different vendors OLT ONU (SFU / HGU) devices, target solve interoperability in 2016, the scale of 2017 Commercial technical preparedness.
For China Telecom, XG-PON is insurmountable stage. Within three years, is expected to TWDM PON (NG-PON2) in standard equipment maturity, cost, interoperability and other aspects not yet reached the large-scale commercial level. China Telecom will organize XG-PON interoperability testing, as the Point XG-PON technology matures.
SingTel will soon test 10Gbps FTTH service
The beginning of the next season's largest telecom operator Singtel Singapore announced FTTH (Fibre-to-the-Home, FTTH) deployed a new generation of online Gb grade passive optical network (Gigabit Passive Optical Network, GPON), allows customers to choose 10Gbps Fibre broadband network services, initially on a small scale deployments, and will be extended to all users by the end of this year.
Singtel Tay Soo Meng, chief technology officer, said the company has 70% of customers use fiber-optic network, and believe continued innovation through the latest technology to provide better speed to the user. Given that most families there are many networking devices, coupled with the increase of bandwidth for various applications and requirements, the relevant technology is expected to meet the needs of users.
Singtel Singapore is the leading fiber-optic network services market share exceeds 50%, the current Singtel-eat fiber-optic network services to provide only up to the rate of 1Gbps, after upgrading to new technology customers will choose to 10Gbps broadband service can cater to high-definition 4K video service quality at 10Gbps transfer rate, 50GB of movie in one minute will be able to download.
In addition, 10Gbps of bandwidth can benefit online games, telemedicine, 3D television, but also support future 8K television service.
Singtel Tay Soo Meng, chief technology officer, said the company has 70% of customers use fiber-optic network, and believe continued innovation through the latest technology to provide better speed to the user. Given that most families there are many networking devices, coupled with the increase of bandwidth for various applications and requirements, the relevant technology is expected to meet the needs of users.
Singtel Singapore is the leading fiber-optic network services market share exceeds 50%, the current Singtel-eat fiber-optic network services to provide only up to the rate of 1Gbps, after upgrading to new technology customers will choose to 10Gbps broadband service can cater to high-definition 4K video service quality at 10Gbps transfer rate, 50GB of movie in one minute will be able to download.
In addition, 10Gbps of bandwidth can benefit online games, telemedicine, 3D television, but also support future 8K television service.
Calix NG PON2 platform launched in North America FTTH Assembly
Broadband access network equipment manufacturers Calix recently said it would increase the NG-PON2 TWDM function of its E7 Ethernet Service Access Platform series NG-PON2 4-way 10Gbps wavelength supports the gradual upgrade from the current GPON to 10G PON and WDM PON.
Calix indicates NG-PON2 technology supports both fixed and tunable wavelength in two models, and will be publicly displayed two models this fall. Market research firm Broadbandtrends representation of Teresa Mastrangelo , Calix fiber access in the field has a long history in this area have made many contributions. They launched the next generation of PON products not surprising. NG-PON2 will become the future of PON network standard. Calix has been ready for it.
Calix will showcase this product at FTTH Conference in North America this week.
Calix indicates NG-PON2 technology supports both fixed and tunable wavelength in two models, and will be publicly displayed two models this fall. Market research firm Broadbandtrends representation of Teresa Mastrangelo , Calix fiber access in the field has a long history in this area have made many contributions. They launched the next generation of PON products not surprising. NG-PON2 will become the future of PON network standard. Calix has been ready for it.
Calix will showcase this product at FTTH Conference in North America this week.
FTTH difficult five crux, light copper binding or a recipe
In March 2012 the Ministry of Industry has announced plans to achieve nationwide coverage FTTH 35 million households in the year, but a dream awake, "fiber to the home is difficult," "Broadband is not wide," the problem did not get solved. The implementation of the light to change so that Chinese netizens project was eagerly looking forward to, but the reality is cruel, slow process of reforming the unbearable, too many users expressed anger and dissatisfaction. China's broadband network construction shortcomings presented more worrying, rectification imminent. FTTH really that difficult? What is the reason? There is no solution?
Originally a technician can hold 10 ADSL broadband every day, the light changed only a day to complete two.
Fiber to the home, a stumbling block too much.
1, high-care costs, expensive charges, operators, equipment manufacturers, users tripartite coordination difficult;
2, property slotting allowance, the operator, the property is difficult to coordinate the two sides;
3, most of the building, the old district no internal embedded fiber optic lines, which makes the transformation more difficult and more time consuming to install;
4, after the light changed, fixed must be connected to the power supply, the power went out in a hurry very tangled;
5, some people need some people do not need, it is difficult unified, carrier pressure.
Of course, in China this population, the relationship between a complex environment, there will be this kind of problem, fiber to the home difficult, already reasonable.
Expert Weapon: "Light copper" Combined, hybrid deployment
Earlier reports said that, in addition to improving network speed through fiber transformation, utilizing copper technology also enables certain bandwidth of 12M, or 16M. There is also news that a foreign telecommunications equipment manufacturers announced last year new technology "VDSL2 Vectoring" has been achieved under the conditions of the use of copper, the family of bandwidth up to 100M.
In this regard, communications Standards Institute Ministry of Industry and Telecommunications Research Institute, deputy director Li Ao said that the current building is not embedded inside most of the fiber-optic lines, fiber to the home to a large scale, it means to be in an existing building internal re-laying of fiber optic cable. Fiber itself impatience tension and bending characteristics, determine the layout of the optical fiber is much more difficult than copper. He believes that "fiber + copper" combinations can be used as an important reference and select the current broadband construction.
Originally a technician can hold 10 ADSL broadband every day, the light changed only a day to complete two.
Fiber to the home, a stumbling block too much.
1, high-care costs, expensive charges, operators, equipment manufacturers, users tripartite coordination difficult;
2, property slotting allowance, the operator, the property is difficult to coordinate the two sides;
3, most of the building, the old district no internal embedded fiber optic lines, which makes the transformation more difficult and more time consuming to install;
4, after the light changed, fixed must be connected to the power supply, the power went out in a hurry very tangled;
5, some people need some people do not need, it is difficult unified, carrier pressure.
Of course, in China this population, the relationship between a complex environment, there will be this kind of problem, fiber to the home difficult, already reasonable.
Expert Weapon: "Light copper" Combined, hybrid deployment
Earlier reports said that, in addition to improving network speed through fiber transformation, utilizing copper technology also enables certain bandwidth of 12M, or 16M. There is also news that a foreign telecommunications equipment manufacturers announced last year new technology "VDSL2 Vectoring" has been achieved under the conditions of the use of copper, the family of bandwidth up to 100M.
In this regard, communications Standards Institute Ministry of Industry and Telecommunications Research Institute, deputy director Li Ao said that the current building is not embedded inside most of the fiber-optic lines, fiber to the home to a large scale, it means to be in an existing building internal re-laying of fiber optic cable. Fiber itself impatience tension and bending characteristics, determine the layout of the optical fiber is much more difficult than copper. He believes that "fiber + copper" combinations can be used as an important reference and select the current broadband construction.
Italian operators to invest 6.4 billion euros to push fiber broadband plan
Recently, the three telecom operators in Italy Metroweb, Vodafone and Wind will launch cooperation disclose deployment of a national fiber optic network plan.
The national fiber optic network deployment plan will also have the intention to join other businesses open. But the three companies were not disclosed further information about the range of network construction, but also did not give a timetable. The companies said only in accordance with the ultra-fast broadband plans to build the network of the Italian Government.
In February this year, according to media reports that the Italian government is considering the introduction of a budget of up to 4 billion euros (about 28.331 billion yuan) of fiber stimulus plan, the latter may be an additional 2.4 billion euros, it aims to increase domestic fiber optic network coverage.
At present, the domestic fixed-line market in Italy is facing a variable. Vodafone and Telecom Italia are on the acquisition of Metroweb showed great interest, which has a 7200-kilometer fiber-optic network in Milan. Previously, Vodafone has tentatively been Fastweb lipped intent to acquire the latter. But Fastweb rejected Vodafone's offer. It is reported that, Metroweb being planned in 100 Italian cities to launch fiber.
The national fiber optic network deployment plan will also have the intention to join other businesses open. But the three companies were not disclosed further information about the range of network construction, but also did not give a timetable. The companies said only in accordance with the ultra-fast broadband plans to build the network of the Italian Government.
In February this year, according to media reports that the Italian government is considering the introduction of a budget of up to 4 billion euros (about 28.331 billion yuan) of fiber stimulus plan, the latter may be an additional 2.4 billion euros, it aims to increase domestic fiber optic network coverage.
At present, the domestic fixed-line market in Italy is facing a variable. Vodafone and Telecom Italia are on the acquisition of Metroweb showed great interest, which has a 7200-kilometer fiber-optic network in Milan. Previously, Vodafone has tentatively been Fastweb lipped intent to acquire the latter. But Fastweb rejected Vodafone's offer. It is reported that, Metroweb being planned in 100 Italian cities to launch fiber.
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